Intel 4004 microprocessor family

The first microprocessor in history, Intel 4004 was a 4-bit CPU designed for usage in calculators, or, as we say now, designed for "embedded applications". Clocked at 740 KHz, the 4004 executed up to 92,000 single word instructions per second, could access 4 KB of program memory and 640 bytes of RAM. Although the Intel 4004 was perfect fit for calculators and similar applications it was not very suitable for microcomputer use due to its somewhat limited architecture. The 4004 lacked interrupt support, had only 3-level deep stack, and used complicated method of accessing the RAM. Some of these shortcomings were fixed in the 4004 successor - Intel 4040.

As the first microprocessor in history, the Intel 4004 is very popular with CPU collectors and non-collectors. Earlier Intel C4004 CPUs in white ceramic package are sought-after by beginner and intermediate collectors, and are usually sold for hundreds of dollars.

The only known second source manufacturer of 4004 microprocessors was National Semiconductor.

Links
History
Architecture
Identification
Pinouts
Support chips
At a glance
Type:
4-bit microprocessor
Introduction:
1971
Frequency:
740 KHz

Intel C4004

740 KHz
16-pin ceramic DIP

4004 (C4004) processors in white ceramic package were produced until the second half of 1976. This particular processor is dated 8th week of 1975. Today the C4004 with visible traces (like the one on the picture) is the most rare and expensive version of Intel 4004.
Intel C4004

Intel D4004

740 KHz
16-pin ceramic DIP

4004 microprocessors in plastic and ceramic (not white ceramic) packages were introduced around 1976. This ceramic 4004 is dated 45th week of 1976.
Intel D4004

Intel P4004

740 KHz
16-pin plastic DIP
Intel P4004

National Semiconductor 1NS4004D (INS4004D)

16-pin ceramic DIP
Purple ceramic/gold top/gold pins

National Semiconductor was the only second source company for the Intel 4004. The naming convention for the 4004 processors was "INS4004" plus one letter representing package type. The chip on the picture is mistakenly marked as "1NS4004D".
National Semiconductor 1NS4004D (INS4004D)

National Semiconductor INS4004J

16-pin plastic DIPNational Semiconductor INS4004J
(c) Copyright 2003 Gennadiy Shvets